SYLLABUS FOR Ph.D. ENTRANCE TEST - 2019

PHYSICAL EDUCATION

 

PART-A

 

Part-A shall consist of 50 objective type compulsory questions of 1 mark each based on research methodology (Research Methods and Statistics). It shall be of generic nature, intended to assess the research aptitude of the candidate. It will primarily be designed to test reasoning ability, data interpretation, and quantitative aptitude of the candidate.

 

RESEARCH METHODS AND STATISTICS

Meaning and Definition of Research – Need, Nature and Scope of research in Physical Education. Classification of Research, Location of Research Problem, Criteria for selection of a problem, Qualities of a good researcher. Descriptive Methods of Research; Survey Study, Case study, Introduction of Historical Research, Steps in Historical Research, Sources of Historical Research: Primary Data and Secondary Data, Historical Criticism: Internal Criticism and External Criticism. Experimental Research – Meaning, Nature and Importance, Meaning of Variable, Types of Variables. Experimental Design - Single Group Design, Reverse Group Design, Repeated Measure Design, Static Group Comparison Design, Equated Group Design, Factorial Design. Meaning and Definition of Sample and Population. Types of Sampling; Probability Methods; Systematic Sampling, Cluster sampling, Stratified Sampling. Area Sampling – Multistage Sampling. Non- Probability Methods; Convenience Sample, Judgement Sampling, Quota Sampling. Chapterization of Thesis / Dissertation, Front Materials, Body of Thesis – Back materials. Method of Writing Research proposal, Thesis / Dissertation; Method of writing abstract and full paper for presenting in a conference and to publish in journals ,Mechanics of writing Research Report, Footnote and Bibliography writing.

 

Meaning and Definition of Statistics. Function, need and importance of Statistics. Types of Statistics. Meaning of the terms, Population, Sample, Data, types of data. Variables; Discrete, Continuous. Parametric and non-parametric statistics. Data Classification, Tabulation and Measures of Central Tendency Meaning, uses and construction of frequency table. Meaning, Purpose, Calculation and advantages of Measures of central tendency – Mean, median and mode. Meaning, Purpose, Calculation and advances of Range, Quartile, Deviation, Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation, Probable Error. Meaning, Purpose, Calculation and advantages of scoring scales; Sigma scale, Z Scale, Hull scale. Probability Distributions and Graphs Normal Curve. Meaning of probability- Principles of normal curve – Properties of normal curve. Divergence form normality – Skewness and Kurtosis. Graphical Representation in Statistics; Line diagram, Bar diagram, Histogram, Frequency Polygon, Ogive Curve. Inferential and Comparative Statistics, Tests of significance; Independent “t” test, Dependent “t” test – chi – square test, level of confidence and interpretation of data. Meaning of correlation – co-efficient of correlation – calculation of co-efficient of correlation by the product moment method and rank difference method. Concept of ANOVA and ANCOVA.

 

PART-B

 

Part-B shall also consist of 50 objective type compulsory questions of 1 mark each based on the syllabus of the subject at Masters Level as follows:

 

1.        PHYSIOLOGY OF EXERCISE

Macro & Micro Structure of the Skeletal Muscle,Chemical Composition. Sliding Filament theory of Muscular Contraction. Types of Muscle fibre. Muscle Tone, Chemistry of Muscular Contraction - Heat Production in the Muscle, Effect of exercises and training on the muscular system. Heart Valves and Direction of the Blood Flow - Conduction System of the Heart - Blood Supply to the Heart - Cardiac Cycle - Stroke Volume - Cardiac Output - Heart Rate - Factors Affecting Heart Rate - Cardiac Hypertrophy - Effect of exercises and training on the Cardio vascular system. Mechanics of Breathing - Respiratory Muscles, Minute Ventilation - Ventilation at Rest and During Exercise. Diffusion of Gases - Exchange of Gases in the Lungs -Exchange of Gases in the Tissues - Control of Ventilation - Ventilation and the Anaerobic Threshold. Oxygen Debt - Lung Volumes and Capacities - Effect of exercises and training on the respiratory system. Metabolism - ATP - PC or Phosphagen System - Anaerobic Metabolism - Aerobic Metabolism - Aerobic and Anaerobic Systems during Rest and Exercise. Short Duration High Intensity Exercises - High Intensity Exercise Lasting Several Minutes - Long Duration Exercises. Variation in Temperature and Humidity - Thermoregulation - Sports performance in hot climate, Cool Climate, high altitude. Influence of: Amphetamine, Anabolic steroids, Androstenedione, Beta Blocker, Choline, Creatine, Human growth hormone on sports performance. Narcotic, Stimulants: Amphetamines, Caffeine, Ephedrine, Sympathomimetic amines. Stimulants and sports performance.

 

2.        TEST, MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Meaning and Definition of Test, Measurement and Evaluation. Need and Importance of Measurement and Evaluation. Criteria for Test Selection - Scientific Authenticity. Meaning, definition and establishing Validity, Reliability, Objectivity. Norms – Administrative Considerations. Meaning and Definition of Motor Fitness. Test for Motor Fitness; Indiana Motor Fitness Test (for elementary and high school boys, girls and College Men) Oregon Motor Fitness Test (Separately for boys and girls) - JCR test. Motor Ability; Barrow Motor Ability Test - Newton Motor Ability Test - Muscular Fitness - Kraus Weber Minimum Muscular Fitness Test. Physical Fitness Test: AAHPERD Health Related Fitness Battery (revised in 1984), ACSM Health Related Physical Fitness Test, Roger's physical fitness Index. Cardio vascular test; Harvard step test, 12 minutes run / walk test, Multi-stage fitness test (Beep test). Physiological Testing: Aerobic Capacity: The Bruce Treadmill Test Protocol, 1.5 Mile Run test for college age males and females. Anaerobic Capacity: Margaria-Kalamen test, Wingate Anaerobic Test, Anthropometric Measurements: Method of Measuring Height: Standing Height, Sitting Height. Method of measuring Circumference: Arm, Waist, Hip, Thigh. Method of Measuring Skin folds: Triceps, Sub scapular, Suprailiac. Specific Spots Skill Test: Badminton: Miller Wall Volley Test. Basketball: Johnson Basketball Test, Harrison Basketball Ability Test. Cricket: Sutcliff Cricket test. Hockey: Friendel Field Hockey Test, Harban's Hockey Test, Volleyball, Russel Lange Volleyball Test, Brady Volleyball Test. Football: Mor-Christian General Soccer Ability Skill Test Battery, Johnson Soccer Test, Mc-Donald Volley Soccer Test. Tennis: Dyer Tennis Test.

3.        SPORTS JOURNALISM AND MASS MEDIA

Meaning and Definition of Journalism, Ethics of Journalism - Canons of journalism-Sports Ethics and Sportsmanship - Reporting Sports Events. National and International Sports News Agencies. Concept of Sports Bulletin: Journalism and sports education - Structure of sports bulletin - Compiling a bulletin - Types of bulletin - Role of Journalism in the Field of Physical Education: Sports as an integral part of Physical Education - Sports organization and sports journalism -General news reporting and sports reporting. Mass Media in Journalism: Radio and T.V. Commentary - Running commentary on the radio -Sports expert's comments. Role of Advertisement in Journalism. Sports Photography: Equipment-Editing - Publishing. Brief review of Olympic Games, Asian Games, Common Wealth Games World Cup, National Games and Indian Traditional Games. Preparing report of an Annual Sports Meet for Publication in Newspaper. Organization of Press Meet. Sports organization and Sports Journalism - General news reporting and sports reporting. Methods of editing a Sports report. Evaluation of Reported News. Interview with and elite Player and Coach.

 

4.        SPORTS BIOMECHANICS AND KINSESIOLOGY

Meaning, nature, role and scope of Applied kinesiology and Sports Biomechanics. Meaning of Axis and Planes, Dynamics, Kinematics, Kinetics, Statics Centre of gravity -Line of gravity plane of the body and axis of motion, Vectors and Scalars. Origin, Insertion and action of muscles: Pectoralis major and minor, Deltoid, Biceps, Triceps (Anterior and Posterior), Trapezius, serratus, Sartorius, Rectus femoris, Abdominis, Quadriceps, Hamstring, Gastrocnemius. Meaning and definition of Motion. Types of Motion: Linear motion, angular motion, circular motion, uniform motion. Principals related to the law of Inertia, Law of acceleration, and law of counter force. Meaning and definition of force- Sources of force -Force components .Force applied at an angle - pressure -friction -Buoyancy, Spin - Centripetal force - Centrifugal force. Freely falling bodies -Projectiles -Equation of projectiles stability Factors influencing equilibrium - Guiding principles for stability -static and dynamic stability. Meaning of work, power, energy, kinetic energy and potential energy. Leverage -classes of lever - practical application. Water resistance - Air resistance -Aerodynamics. Note: Laboratory practicals should be designed and arranged for students internally. Analysis of Movement: Types of analysis: Kinesiological, Biomechanical. Cinematographic. Methods of analysis - Qualitative, Quantitative, Predictive.

 

 

5.        ATHLETIC CARE AND REHABILITATION

 

Definition and objectives of corrective physical Education. Posture and body mechanics, Standards of Standing Posture. Value of good posture, Drawbacks and causes of bed posture. Posture test - Examination of the spine. Normal curve of the spine and its utility, Deviations in posture: Kyphosis, lordosis, flat back, Scoliosis, round shoulders, Knock Knee, Bow leg, Flat foot. Causes for deviations and treatment including exercises. Passive, Active, Assisted, Resisted exercise for Rehabilitation, Stretching, PNF techniques and principles. Brief history of massage - Massage as an aid for relaxation - Points to be considered in giving massage - Physiological , Chemical, Psychological effects of massage - Indication / Contra indication of Massage - Classification of the manipulation used massage and their specific uses in the human body - Stroking manipulation: Effleurage - Pressure manipulation: Petrissage Kneading (Finger, Kneading, Circular) ironing Skin Rolling - Percussion manipulation: Tapotement, Hacking, Clapping, Beating, Pounding, Slapping, Cupping, Poking, Shaking Manipulation, Deep massage. Principles pertaining to the prevention of Sports injuries - care and treatment of exposed and unexposed injuries in sports - Principles of apply cold and heat, infrared rays - Ultrasonic, Therapy - Short wave diathermy therapy. Principles and techniques of Strapping and Bandages.

 

6.        SPORTS TECHNOLOGY

 

Meaning, definition, purpose, advantages and applications, General Principles and purpose of instrumentation in sports, Workflow of instrumentation and business aspects, Technological impacts on sports. Adhesives- Nano glue, nano moulding technology, Nano turf. Foot wear production, Factors and application in sports, constraints. Foams- Polyurethane, Polystyrene, Styrofoam, closedcell and open-cell foams, Neoprene, Foam. Smart Materials - Shape Memory Alloy (SMA), Thermo chromic film, High-density modelling foam. Modern surfaces for playfields, construction and installation of sports surfaces. Types of materials - synthetic, wood, polyurethane. Artificial turf. Modern technology in the construction of indoor and outdoor facilities. Technology in manufacture of modern play equipments. Use of computer and software in Match Analysis and Coaching. Playing Equipments: Balls: Types, Materials and Advantages, Bat/Stick/ Racquets: Types, Materials and Advantages. Clothing and shoes: Types, Materials and Advantages. Measuring equipments: Throwing and Jumping Events. Protective equipments: Types, Materials and Advantages. Sports equipment with nano technology, Advantages. Basketball: Ball Feeder, Mechanism and Advantages. Cricket: Bowling Machine, Mechanism and Advantages, Tennis: Serving Machine, Mechanism and Advantages, Volleyball: Serving Machine Mechanism and Advantages. Lighting Facilities: Method of erecting Flood Light and measuring luminous. Video Coverage: Types, Size, Capacity, Place and Position of Camera in Live coverage of sporting events.

 

7.        SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES OF SPORTS TRAINING

 

Sports training: Definition - Aim, Characteristics, Principles of Sports Training, Over Load: Definition, Causes of Over Load, Symptoms of Overload, Remedial Measures - Super Compensation - Altitude Training - Cross Training. Strength: Methods to improve Strength: Weight Training, Isometric, Isotonic, Circuit Training, Speed: Methods to Develop Speed: Repetition Method, Downhill Run, Parachute Running, Wind Sprints, Endurance, Methods to Improve Endurance: Continuous Method, Interval Method, Repetition Method, Cross Country, Fartlek Training. Flexibility: Methods to Improve the Flexibility- Stretch and Hold Method, Ballistic Method, Special Type Training: Plyometric Training. Training for Coordinative abilities: Methods to improve Coordinative abilities: Sensory Method, Variation in Movement Execution Method, Variation in External Condition Method, Combination of Movement Method, Types of Stretching Exercises. Training Plan: Macro Cycle, Meso-Cycle. Short Term Plan and Long Term Plans - Periodisation: Meaning, Single, Double and Multiple Periodisation, Preparatory Period, Competition Period and Transition Period. Definition of Doping - Side effects of drugs - Dietary supplements - IOC list of doping classes and methods. Blood Doping - The use of erythropoietin in blood boosting - Blood doping control. The testing programmes - Problems in drug detection - Blood testing in doping control - Problems with the supply of medicines Subject to IOC regulations: over the- counter drugs (OTC), prescription only medicines (POMs) - Controlled drugs (CDs). Reporting test results - Education

 

8.        SPORTS MEDICINE

 

Meaning, definition and importance of Sports Medicine, Definition and Principles of therapeutic exercises. Coordination exercise, Balance training exercise, Strengthening exercise, Mobilization exercise, Gait training, Gym ball exercise Injuries: acute, sub-acute, chronic. Advantages and Disadvantages of PRICE, PRINCE therapy, Aquatic therapy. Basic Rehabilitation: Strapping/Tapping: Definition, Principles Precautions Contraindications. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation: Definition hold, relax, repeated contractions. Show reversal technique exercises. Isotonic, Isokinetic, isometric stretching. Definition. Types of stretching, Advantages, dangers of stretching, Manual muscle grading. Head, Neck and Spine injuries: Causes, Presentational of Spinal anomalies, Flexion, Compression, Hyperextension, Rotation injuries. Spinal range of motion. Free hand exercises, stretching and strengthening exercise for head neck, spine. Supporting and aiding techniques and equipment for Head, Neck and Spine injuries. Upper Limb and Thorax Injuries: Shoulder: Sprain, Strain, Dislocation, and Strapping. Elbow: Sprain, Strain, Strapping. Wrist and Fingers: Sprain Strain, Strapping. Thorax, Rib fracture. Breathing exercises, Relaxation techniques, Free hand exercise, Stretching and strengthening exercise for shoulder, Elbow, Wrist and Hand. Supporting and aiding techniques and equipment for Upper Limb and Thorax Injuries. Lower Limb and Abdomen Injuries: Hip: Adductor strain, Dislocation, Strapping. Knee: Sprain, Strain, Strain, Strapping. Ankle: Sprain, Strain, Strapping. Abdomen: Abdominal wall, Contusion, Abdominal muscle strain. Free exercises - Stretching and strengthening exercise for Hip, knee, ankle and Foot. Supporting and aiding techniques and equipment for Lower limb and Abdomen injures.

 

9.        PHYSICAL FITNESS AND WELLNESS

 

Meaning and Definition" of Physical Fitness, Physical Fitness Concepts and Techniques, Principles of physical fitness, Physiological principles involved in human movement. Components of Physical Fitness. Leisure time physical activity and identify opportunities in the community to participate in this activity. Current trends in fitness and conditioning, components of total health fitness and the relationship between physical activity and lifelong wellness. Nutrients; Nutrition labelling information, Food Choices, Food Guide Pyramid, Influences on food choices-social, economic, cultural, food sources, Comparison of food values. Weight Management-proper practices to maintain, lose and gain. Eating Disorders, Proper hydration, the effects of performance enhancement drugs. Cardio respiratory Endurance Training; proper movement forms, i.e., correct stride, arm movements, body alignment; proper warm-up, cool down, and stretching, monitoring heart rates during activity. Assessment of cardio respiratory fitness and set goals to maintain or improve fitness levels. Cardio respiratory activities including i.e. power walking, pacer test, interval training, incline running, distance running, aerobics and circuits. Resistance Training for Muscular Strength and Endurance; principles of resistance training, Safety techniques (spotting, proper body alignment, lifting techniques, spatial, awareness. and proper breathing techniques). Weight training principles and concepts; basic resistance exercises (including free hand exercise, free weight exercise, weight machines, exercise bands and tubing. medicine balls, fit balls) Advanced techniques of weight training. Flexibility Training, Relaxation Techniques and Core Training. Safety techniques (stretching protocol; breathing and relaxation techniques) types of flexibility exercises (i.e. dynamic, static), Develop basic competency in relaxation and breathing techniques. Pilates, Yoga.

 

10.    SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY

Meaning, Definition, History, Need and Importance of Sports Psychology. Present Status of Sports Psychology in India. Motor Learning: Basic Considerations in Motor Learning - Motor Perception : Factors Affecting Perception - Perceptual Mechanism. Personality: Meaning, Definition, Structure - Measuring Personality Traits. Effects of Personality on Sports Performance. Meaning and Definition, Types of Motivation: Intrinsic, Extrinsic. Achievement Motivation: Meaning, Measuring of Achievement Motivation. Anxiety: Meaning and Definition, Nature, Causes, Method of Measuring Anxiety. Competitive Anxiety and Sports Performance. Stress: Meaning and Definition, Causes. Stress and Sports Performance. Aggression: Meaning and Definition, Method of Measurement. Aggression and Sports Performance. Self-Concept: Meaning and Definition, Method of Measurement. Meaning and Definition, Process of Goal Setting in Physical Education and Sports. Psychological Tests: Types of Psychological Test: Instrument based tests: Pass-along test - Tachistoscope-Reaction timer - Finger dexterity board - Depth perception box - Kinesthesiometer board. Questionnaire: Sports Achievement Motivation, Sports Competition Anxiety.

Defining competition, determinants of competitive behavior, psychological characteristics of pre-competition, during competition and post competition. Selected psycho regulative techniques technique for relaxation and activation. Psychological aspects of long term and short term preparation for competition, Psychological care of injuries, sports person, responses to injuries, prevention and coping techniques. Presence of others, co action effect and audience effect in sports. Factors mediating social facilitations. Volitional regulation actions in sports: Meaning, Characteristics and Factors affecting volitional regulated behavior. Development of volitional qualities.

 

 

11.    HEALTH EDUCATION AND SPORTS NURTITION

 

Concept, Dimensions, Spectrum and Determinants of Health Definition of Health, Health Education, Health Instruction, Health Supervision Aim, objective and Principles of Health Education Health Service and guidance instruction in personal hygiene. Communicable and Non Communicable Diseases Obesity, Malnutrition, Adulteration in food, Environmental sanitation, Explosive, Population, Personal and Environmental Hygiene for schools Objective of school health service, Role of health education in schools Health Services -Care of skin, Nails, Eye health service, Nutritional service, Health appraisal, Health record, Healthful school environment, first- aid and emergency care etc. Meaning of Hygiene, Type of Hygiene, dental Hygiene, Effect of Alcohol on Health, Effect of Tobacco on Health, Life Style Management, Management of Hypertension, Management of Obesity, Management of Stress. Nutrition Meaning and Definition of Sports Nutrition, Role of nutrition in sports, Basic Nutrition guidelines, Nutrients: Ingestion to energy metabolism (Carbohydrate, Protein and Fat), Role of carbohydrates, Fat and protein during exercise. Concept of BMI (Body mass index), Obesity and its hazard, Dieting versus exercise for weight control Maintaining a Healthy Lifestyle, Weight management program for sporty child, Role of diet and exercise in weight management, Design diet plan and exercise schedule for weight gain and loss.                                                                                                                      

12.    SPORTS MANAGEMENT

 

Meaning and Functions, The skills of management, the universal nature of the management process, Management and Administration, Principles and Theories of Management. Classical Principles, Bureaucracy; Bureaucracy in Democracy and in sports organizations. Open systems perspectives. The constitution of a national sports organization, office holders of an organization and their functional meetings. Definition & Aspect of HRM, Job analysis and its process. Human resource planning, Recruitments, Manpower Planning, Personal Management and its principles, Appraisals & Public Relation in physical education. Evaluation and its techniques in physical education. Sports competition and its system, Training structure & performance. Injury management, Ethics of sports. Financial administration in sports and physical education, Sources of funds in sports. Budgeting is sports and games, purpose and principles of budgeting. Material Management: Improvisation and Standardization of Sports equipments and materials. Scientific purchasing. Storekeeping, inventory control and value analysis. Facility (outdoor and indoor) Planning, Construction and maintenance of sports facilities.